45 RPM refers to a vinyl record that rotates at 45 revolutions per minute on a turntable. This speed was introduced by RCA Victor in 1949 for 7-inch singles and remains the standard for that format today. The faster rotation speed means the groove passes under the stylus more quickly, allowing for wider groove spacing and better high-frequency reproduction.
While 45 RPM is the default for 7-inch singles, audiophile labels like Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab (MoFi), Analogue Productions, and Blue Note have embraced 45 RPM for 12-inch releases. A full album pressed at 45 RPM on 12-inch vinyl requires more discs (typically a 2xLP set) but delivers noticeably better audio quality — wider dynamic range, less distortion, and improved clarity.
If you're setting up a turntable, make sure it supports both 33⅓ and 45 RPM speeds. Most turntables have a speed switch. You'll also need a 45 RPM adapter (a small plastic or metal insert) for playing 7-inch singles, which have a larger center hole than LPs.
Some DJs prefer 45 RPM pressings because the wider grooves produce louder, punchier sound in club environments.